Garvăn (Dinogetia – Ptol. III, 8, 2; 10, 1, 5; ItAnt 225, 5; ND, Or. 39, 24; GeogrRav IV, 1, 47)
Location: Jijila commune, Tulcea county (RAN 160635.03; TL-I-s-A-05795)
Possibly auxiliary fort, located on an island, at the location named “Church”. The site is located 5 km northwest of Gărvan village, respectively 1 km east of DN Galaţi-Tulcea (DN 22).
The late fortification completely overlaps the early fortification. Research: Gh. Ștefan 1941-1944; Al. Barnea, I. Vasiliu 1970-1995. Inscriptions and tegular material of the units already mentioned were discovered: legio V Macedonica, legio I Italica, cohors II Mattiacorum (ISM V 260, 267), cohors I Cilicum (ISM V 264), as well as a fleet station (classis Flavia Moesica, ISM V 263).
The late Roman fortification is very well preserved, it has a surface of 1.2 ha and a trapezoidal shape, with 14 towers (horseshoe/ U and fan-shaped), a monumental gate to the east and secondary ones to the north, west (the latter later decommissioned). The exterior of the enclosure is mostly excavated, entirely on the south, west and northwest sides. Streets, housing complexes (among which a domus of 28 x 19 m, which must have belonged to the garrison commander from the 6th century), deposits, praetorium / a late Roman principia – edifice with unclear functionality and moment of building, basilica from the 5th – 6th centuries AD, thermae from the 3rd – 4th centuries (25×15 m), located 100 m south of the fortress were identified, researched and preserved. Several constructive phases were documented for the Dominate period: 1. end of the 3rd – end of Valens’ reign (378) with important reconstructions at the end of Constantine the Great’s reign, continued by Constantius II; 2. end of the 4th – end of the 5th centuries (the first part concluded before the middle of the 5th century) ; 3. the era of the emperors Anastasius-Justinian (491-565), until the invasion of the Kutrigs (559); 4. the last decades of the 6th – beginning of the 7th century, without a violent end (abandonment). During the middle-Byzantine period, a settlement of hovels that overlapped the Roman fortress was observed, it also had a small church in the centre of the fortification.
Our investigations consisted of collecting data necessary for obtaining an orthophoto plan, and 3D modeling, respectively taking oblique photos.
Ovidiu Țentea, Ioan C. Opriș, Florian Matei-Popescu, Alexandru Rațiu, Constantin Băjenaru, Vlad Călina, Frontiera romană din Dobrogea. O trecere în revistă și o actualizare, Cercetări Arheologice, Vol. 26, pag. 9-82, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.46535/ca.26.01
TIR L 35, p. 38; Zahariade, Gudea 1997, p. 80, nr. 47; Gudea 2005, p. 454-455, nr. III. 47; Nicolae 2013, p. 167.