O paleontologie a „omului etern”: arheologia paleoliticului din România

Cercetări Arheologice 13, 2006, 135-158
https://doi.org/10.46535/ca.13.05



O paleontologie a „omului etern”: arheologia paleoliticului din România

The Paleontology of "Everlasting Human". The Archaeology of Paleolithic in Romania

Authors: Mircea Anghelinu

Keywords:

arheologia paleoliticului, istoria arheologiei, paleontologie, paradigme ştiinţifice

paleolithic archaeology; history of archaeology; paleontology; research paradigms

Abstract:

The paper critically reviews the basic theoretical premises that lead the current practice of Romanian Paleolithic archaeology. The author emphasizes that, while the theoretical background of the entire prehistoric archaeology in Romania belongs to the humanities, the practice seems rather close to paleontology and geology. This conflicting attitudes stem from the dominant culture-history paradigm core, which excessively stresses the unity of human condition and the normative content of the human behavior. These uniformitarian view leaves a little room for the actual cultural variability in the past and endow archaeology the simple mission of measuring the differences in the past material cultures simply on typological grounds. The unwise faith in the “eternal man” shrinks the critical awareness concerning the peculiarity of hunter-gatherer behavior and also hides the lack of a true middle-range theory. In the absence of this “Rosetta stone” – as Binford put it – the interpretation of human behavior in the past is left to commonsense (i.e. archaeologists’ intuition and perspicacity). That in turn explains the simplicity of archaeological reconstruction in what concerns settlements systems, population movements or technological choices, which could be all easily dismissed on ethnographical grounds. As a matter of fact, these interpretations are usually avoided precisely because no coherent theoretical models are available. The only task left for archaeologists is the never-ending assemblage description and the continuous improvement of the chrono-taxonomic system. The author criticizes the paleontological research model and advocates for a more ethnographically-inspired humanistic approach.

Download: PDF


How to cite: Mircea Anghelinu, O paleontologie a „omului etern”: arheologia paleoliticului din România, Cercetări Arheologice, Vol. 13, pag. 135-158, 2006, doi: https://doi.org/10.46535/ca.13.05


Bibliography


  1. M. Anghelinu, Un decupaj analitic al arheologiei paleoliticului din România, Cercetări Arheologice XI, partea I, 2000, p. 271-282.
  2. M. Anghelinu, Utilajul litic şi arheologia paleoliticului din România. Simptomele unei crize, Oltenia XII, 2000, p. 11-27.
  3. M. Anghelinu, Note privind impactul marxismului în teoria şi practica arheologiei preistorice din România, Cercetări arheologice XII, 2003, p. 275-304.
  4. M. Anghelinu, Evoluţia gândirii teoretice în arheologia din România. Concepte şi modele aplicate în preistorie, Ed. Cetatea de Scaun, Târgovişte, 2004.
  5. D. Anthony, Prehistoric Migration as Social Process, J. Chapman, H. Hamerow (eds.) Migration and Invasions in Archaeological Explanation, BAR-IS 664, Oxford, 1997, 21-32.
  6. G. N. Bailey, Concepts of Time in Quaternary Prehistory, Annual Review of Anthropology, nr. 12, 1983, 166-167.
  7. A. Beck Kehoe, The Land of Prehistory. A Critical History of American Archaeology, Ed. Routledge, London, 1998.
  8. L. Binford, Contemporary Model Building: Paradigms and the Current State of Palaeolithic Research, D. Clarke (ed.), Models in Archaeology, Ed. Methuen, London, 1972, 109-165.
  9. L. Binford, Willow smoke and dogs’tails: hunter-gatherer settlement systems and archaeological site formation, American Antiquity 45, 1980, 4-20.
  10. L. Binford, Bones. Ancient Men and Modern Myths, Ed. Academic Press, New York, 1981.
  11. L. Binford, The Archaeology of Place, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, nr. 1, vol. 1, 1982, 5-31.
  12. M. Bitiri, Paleoliticul din Ţara Oaşului, Ed. Centrului de Informare şi Documentare în Ştiinţele Sociale şi Politice, Bucureşti, 1972.
  13. Al. Bolomey, Noi moduri de abordare a preistoriei, SCIVA, tom 24, nr. 4, 1973, 621-631.
  14. Al. Bolomey, Consideraţii asupra resturilor de mamifere din staţiunea gravetiană de la Lespezi-Lutărie, jud. Bacău, Carpica XX, 1989, 271-296.
  15. M. Brudiu, Paleoliticul superior şi epipaleoliticul din Moldova, Ed. Centrului de Informare şi Documentare în Ştiinţele Sociale şi Politice, Bucureşti, 1974.
  16. M. Cârciumaru, La relation homme-environnement élément important de la dynamique de la société humaine au cours du Paléolithique et de l’Épipaléolithique sur le territoire de la Roumanie, Dacia, N.S. XXIX, 1-2, 1985, 7-34.
  17. M. Cârciumaru, Le Paléolithique en Roumanie, Ed. Jerôme Millon, Grenoble, 1999.
  18. V. Chirica, Gisements paléolithiques de Mitoc. Le Paléolithique supérieur de Roumanie à la lumière des decouvertes de Mitoc, Ed. Helios, Iaşi, 2001.
  19. V. Chirica, I. Borziac, N. Chetraru, Gisements du Paléolithique supérieur ancien entre le Dniestr et la Tissa, BAI, V, Ed. Helios, Iaşi, 1996.
  20. V. Chirica, I. Borziak, Gisements du Paléolithique inférieur et moyen entre le Dniestr et la Tissa, BAI, XIV, Ed. Helios, Iaşi, 2005.
  21. G. A. Clark, Observations on Paradigmatic Bias in French and American Paleolithic Archaeology, L. G. Straus (ed.), The Role of American Archeologists in the Study of the European Upper Paleolithic, BAR-IS 1048, 2002, p. 19-26
  22. Clark, Lindly 1991 – G. A. Clark, J. M. Lindly, On Paradigmatic Biases and Paleolithic Research Traditions, Current Anthropology, vol. 32, nr. 5, 1991, p. 577-587.
  23. P. Clastres, Societatea contra statului. Studii de antropologie politică, Ed. Ararat, Bucureşti, 1995.
  24. S. Cleuziou, A. Coudart, J.-P Demoule, A. Schnapp, The Use of Theory in French Archaeology, I. Hodder (ed.), Archaeological Theory in Europe: the Last Three Decades, Ed. Routledge, London, 1991, p. 91-128.
  25. Demoule 1999 – J.-P Demoule, Culture and Identity: French Archaeologists and Historians, Antiquity, vol. 73, 279, 1999, 190-197.
  26. R. Dunnel, Evolutionary theory and archaeology, Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, nr. 3, 1980, 35-99.
  27. Fl. Mogoşanu, Paleoliticul din Banat, Ed. Academiei, Bucureşti, 1978.
  28. F. Furet, Atelierul istoriei, Ed. Corint, Bucureşti, 2002.
  29. C. Gamble, The Palaeolithic Societies of Europe, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2000.
  30. R. L. Lyman, M. J. O’Brien, The Goals of Evolutionary Archaeology, Current Anthropology, vol. 39, nr. 5, 1998, p. 615-652.
  31. N. N. Moroşan, Le Pléistocene et le Paléolithique de la Roumanie de nord-est, Anuarul Insitutului geologic al României, vol. XIX, 1938, p. 8-52.
  32. C. S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor, Le Paléolithique en Roumanie, Dacia V-VI, 1938, p. 41-107.
  33. C. S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor, Rezultatele principale ale cercetărilor paleolitice în ultimii patru ani în R.P.R., SCIV, tom VII, nr. 1-2, 1956, p. 7-40.
  34. C. S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor, Oamenii din vârsta veche a pietrei, Ed. Ştiinţifică, Bucureşti, 1965.
  35. M. Otte, L. Keeley, The Impact of Regionalism on Palaeolithic studies, Current Anthropology, vol. 31, 1990, p. 577-582.
  36. Al. Păunescu, Exposé sur les recherches paléolithique en Roumanie, V. Chirica (ed.), La genèse et l’évolution des cultures paléolithiques sur le territoire de la Roumanie, B.A.I. II, Iaşi, 1987, p. 2-23.
  37. Al. Păunescu, Paleoliticul şi epipaleoliticul de pe teritoriul Moldovei cuprins între Siret şi Prut, vol. I, 1, Ed. Satya Sai, Bucureşti, 1998.
  38. Al. Păunescu, Evoluţia istorică pe teritoriul României din paleolitic pînă la începutul neoliticului, în SCIVA, tom 31, nr. 4, 1980, p. 519-546.
  39. Al. Păunescu, Paleoliticul şi Mezoliticul de pe teritoriul Moldovei cuprins între Siret şi Prut, vol. I, 2, Ed. Satya Sai, Bucureşti, 1999.
  40. Al. Păunescu, Paleoliticul şi Mezoliticul de pe teritoriul Dobrogei, vol. II, Ed. Satya Sai, Bucureşti, 1999.
  41. Al. Păunescu, Paleoliticul şi Mezoliticul din spaţiul cuprins între Carpaţi şi Dunăre, Ed. AGIR, Bucureşti, 2000.
  42. Al. Păunescu, Paleoliticul şi Mezoliticul din spaţiul transilvan, Ed. AGIR, Bucureşti, 2001.
  43. Al. Păunescu, Paleoliticul şi mezoliticul de pe teritoriul României, M. Petrescu-Dâmboviţa, Al. Vulpe (coord.) Istoria românilor, vol. I, Ed. Enciclopedică, Bucureşti, 2001, p. 66-104.
  44. Al. Păunescu, E. Cârciumaru, M. Cârciumaru, P. Vasilescu, Semnificaţia cronostratigrafică şi paleoclimatică a unor analize chimice, granulometrice şi palinologice în unele aşezări paleolitice din Bazinul Ceahlăului. Consideraţii asupra tipului şi caracterului aşezărilor, SCIVA, tom 28, nr. 2, 1977, p. 157-183.
  45. G. H. de Radkowski, Antropologie generală, Ed. Amarcord, Timişoara, 2000.
  46. P. Rowley-Conwy, Time, change and the archaeology of hunter-gatherers: how original is the «Original Affluent Society», C. Panter-Brick, R. L. Layton, P. Rowley-Conwy, Hunter-gatherers: an interdisciplinary perspective, Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001, p. 39-72.
  47. M. Sahlins, Note on the original affluent society, R.B. Lee, I. DeVore (eds.), Man the Hunter, Ed. Aldine, Chicago, 1968, p. 85-89.
  48. N. Stern, The implication of time-averaging for reconstructing the land-use patterns of early tool-using hominids, Journal of Human Evolution, nr. 27, 1994, 89-105.
  49. W. Stoczkowski, Anthropologie naïve, anthropologie savante. De l’origine de l’homme, de l’imagination et des idées reçues, CNRS Editions, Paris, 2001.
  50. B. G. Trigger, Archaeology and ecology, World Archaeology, vol. 2, nr. 3, 1971, p. 321-336.
  51. B. G. Trigger, Alternative Archaeologies: Nationalist, Colonialist, Imperialist, Man (N.S.), nr. 19, 1984, p. 355-370.
  52. B. G. Trigger, A History of Archaeological Thought, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1989.
  53. B. Winterhalder, The behavioral ecology of hunter-gatherers, C. Panter-Brick, R. L. Layton, P. Rowley-Conwy, Hunter-gatherers: an interdisciplinary perspective, Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001, p. 13-38.

Creative Commons Licence
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License