Crimean Medieval Glazed Pottery in Varna and Its Surroundings, Bulgaria

Cercetări Arheologice 33.1, 2026, 311-370
https://doi.org/10.46535/ca.33.1.16



Crimean Medieval Glazed Pottery in Varna and Its Surroundings, Bulgaria

Authors: Maria Darakchieva Mariya Manolova-Voykova Iryna Teslenko

Keywords:

Black Sea region, 14th-15th century, Varna and environs, Crimea, Crimean glazed pottery, trade networks

Abstract:

This study examines the diffusion of Crimean glazed ceramics within Varna and its surroundings during the 14th and 15th centuries. Throughout this period, the Black Sea functioned as a “maritime international highway”, linking, among others, the Bulgarian coast with the Genoese colonies of Crimean Gazaria. Through typological and comparative analysis of pottery from urban sites and coastal fortresses, this research identifies glazed wares originating primarily from Southern Crimean workshops. The number of finds in and around Varna indicates that Crimean ceramics were an important part of the local ceramic assemblages from around the mid- and late 14th century, despite robust local production. Furthermore, these goods could be classified as mass-produced commodities rather than luxury items, and most likely arrived as supplementary cargo, primarily linked to expanding Genoese commercial interests. Notably, these trade networks, becoming remarkable during the Despotate of Dobruja, flourished under early Ottoman rule in Varna. Ceramic finds suggest this activity did not wane until the 1475 Ottoman conquest of Crimea.

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How to cite: Maria Darakchieva, Mariya Manolova-Voykova, Iryna Teslenko, Crimean Medieval Glazed Pottery in Varna and Its Surroundings, Bulgaria, Cercetări Arheologice, Vol. 33.1, pag. 311-370, 2026, doi: https://doi.org/10.46535/ca.33.1.16

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Medieval sources:

Theoph. Conf.: Theophanis Confessoris. Chronographia, in: Duychev, I., Tsankova-Petkova, G., Tapkova- Zaimova, V., Yonchev, L., Tivchev, P. (eds.), Fontes Graeci Historiae Bulgaricae III. Sofia, 1960: 226-289.

Unprocessed archival materials:

A.K.1: Notebook with hard covers, 24.8×17 cm, 92 leaves, numbered on the right-hand page (recto). Handwritten text. Title on the front cover (in Bulgarian): “Al. Kuzev. Nar. Muzey Varna. 1961. Rim. termi – zhilishta. Rim. bani. Razni”. Varna Regional Museum of History Scientific Archives, “Alexander Kuzev” archivel fonds (unprocessed).

A.K.4: Notebook with hard covers, 23×15.5 cm, 71 leaves, numbered on the right-hand page (recto). Handwritten text. Title on the front cover (in Bulgarian): “Al. Kuzev. Dnevnik. Rimski termi 1964–1967”. Varna Regional Museum of History Scientific Archives, “Alexander Kuzev” archivel fonds (unprocessed).

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